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1.
Horiz. enferm ; 30(2): 138-152, 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1223349

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN. Múltiples enfermedades incurables afectan a la población mundial, lo que conlleva la necesidad de enfrentar complejas situaciones, como consecuencia de la patología y sus tratamientos, siendo los cuidados paliativos una alternativa de atención para mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica y terminal. OBJETIVO. Describir la percepción de los pacientes crónicos y terminales sobre los cuidados paliativos de enfermería. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico, realizado en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y terminales. Durante las entrevistas individualizadas se inició con una pregunta detonadora, grabada una vez obtenido el consentimiento verbal de los pacientes. Se continuó con la transcripción de la información y análisis de contenido. Se consideraron los principios éticos de investigación. RESULTADOS. Se entrevistaron a 20 pacientes de una unidad de hemodiálisis. 55% fueron hombres, el mayor tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad fueron 25 años. Emergieron 4 unidades de significado: (1) atención de enfermería, que implicó un sentimiento de seguridad asociado a la responsabilidad de la enfermera; (2) comunicación directa, manifestada por dificultad para establecer comunicación con el enfermero a pesar de la convivencia; (3) equipo multidisciplinario que mostró una respuesta oportuna ante las complicaciones y (4) entorno, refiriendo sentimiento de enojo al ser atendidos en ambientes sucios. CONCLUSIÓN. Si bien es necesario abordar el tema de cuidados paliativos con distintos grupos de enfermos terminales, se aprecia que, aunque hay comunicación, trabajo multidisciplinario, convivencia enfermo-personal de enfermería, es necesario que éste se capacite y aplique el cuidado paliativo de manera formal.


INTRODUCTION. Multiple incurable diseases affect the world population, which entails the need to face complex situations, as consequence of pathology and it ́s treatments, palliative care being an alternative care to improve the quality of life of the patients with chronic and terminal renal failure. OBJECTIVE. To describe the perception of chronic and terminal patient about palliative nursing care. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Qualitative, phenomenological study carried out on patients with chronic and terminal illnesses. During the individualized interviews, a trigger question was started, recorded once the verbal consent of the patients had been obtained. We continued with the transcription of the information and content analysis. Ethical research principles were considered. RESULTS. Twenty patients from a hemodialysis unit were interviewed. 55% were men, the longest time the disease evolved was 25 years. Four units of meaning emerged: (1) nursing care, which implied a feeling of security associated with the nurse ́s responsibility; (2) direct communication, manifested by difficulty in establishing communication with the nurse in spite of living together;(3) multidisciplinary team that showed a timely response to complications; and (4) environment, referring to feelings of anger at being cared for in dirty environments. CONCLUSION. Although it is necessary to address the issue of palliative care with different groups of terminally ill patients, it is appreciated that, although there is communication, multidisciplinary work, sick/nursing personnel cohabitation, it is necessary that the latter be trained and apply palliative care in a formal manner.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Palliative Care , Patients , Perception , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control , Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing , Quality of Life , Interviews as Topic
2.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 26(4): 248-255, Septiembre-Dic. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-979919

ABSTRACT

Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, con 32 adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado pretest y postest de un programa educativo de orientación alimentaria con base en la NOM-043-SSA2-2012. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y t de Student no paramétrica para observar la diferencia (p ≤ 0.05). Resultados: el 56.2% de los adolescentes de ambos sexos se encuentran en Normopeso. El sobrepeso fue mayor en hombres (44.5%) que en mujeres (35.7%). Hubo incremento en el consumo de agua pura (20%) y disminución del consumo de refresco o agua de sabor (8%). También aumentó el consumo de frutas y verduras (18%), cereales y tubérculos (16%), y alimentos de origen animal (9%). La diferencia pretest y postest fue significativa (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusión: la intervención educativa basada en orientación alimentaria tiene un efecto positivo sobre el conocimiento reforzando la conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes.


Introduction: Adolescents are susceptible to unhealthy eating behaviors that trigger health problems such as obesity, malnutrition or eating disorders. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on food orientation to improve knowledge and eating behavior of high school students. Methods: Quasi-Experimental study, with 32 adolescents between 15 and 17 years old. A structured pre-test and post-test questionnaire was applied to an educational food orientation program based on NOM-043-SSA2-2012. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and nonparametric Student t to observe the difference (p ≤ 0.05). Results: 56.2% of adolescents of both sexes are in Normopeso. Overweight was higher in men (44.5%) than in women (35.7%). There was an increase in the consumption of pure water (20%) and a decrease in the consumption of soft drink or water of flavor (8%). The consumption of fruits and vegetables (18%), cereals and tubers (16%) and foods of animal origin (9%) also increased. The pretest and posttest difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The educational intervention based on food orientation has a positive effect on knowledge by reinforcing the adolescents' eating behavior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Orientation , Students , Weight by Age , Health Programs and Plans , Food and Nutrition Education , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Clinical Trial , Data Collection , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Adolescent , Nursing , Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Enacted Statutes , Malnutrition , Overweight , Feeding Behavior , Legislation, Food , Obesity , Mexico
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